Group Practice Manager on Administrative Applications

Gathering Practice Manager on Administrative Applications Group Practice Manager on Administrative Applications An Air Force (AF) military treatment office (MTF) will regularly have at least two gathering practice administrators (GPM). The office where this meeting happens has three; they are co-situated at LakenheathHospital with obligations similarly isolated among in and outpatient care territories. The obligations of a GPM comprise of evaluating clinical strategic approaches, anticipating requests on clinical administrations, and decide how well the MTF is meeting the strategy. They are liable for the assessment of every supplier with respect to relative worth unit (RVU) and relative weighted unit (RWU). Also, they are developed in planning, advertising, key arranging and lead office activities tending to quiet fulfillment of in and outpatient clinical administrations (AFMS Kx, n. d. ). The GPMs associate with various regulatory applications to achievesuccess at their particular employment. This paper will talk about three key applications; Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2), United States Armed Forces Europe (USAFE) Decision Support System (DSS) and Air Force Surgeon General’s Executive Global Look (SG EGL) used by the GPM in survey information. M2 is a Business Objects inquiry instrument GPMs use to help leaders in regulating military wellbeing system(MHS) tasks. The advantages of M2, gives an itemized rundown of populace, clinical and money related information from all MHSworldwide. Information incorporates, bought care, qualification and enlistment information (Executive Information Decision Support, n. . ). GPMs use M2 to assess experiences, strategic approaches, perform pattern investigations, direct patient, and supplier profiling examines. This application additionally recognizes zones of human services administrations paid to the private division that are accessible at the MTF and moves those administrations back to MTF. Weaknesses of this frame work distinguished by the GPM incorporate, entangled exceed expectations spreadsheets requiring broad information cleanup and playing out various turns to introduce reportable information. Information slack time is forty to sixty days, so today the GPM can just survey information as later as the finish of February. This framework is liked to the Composite Health Care System (CHCS I), a Virtual Memory System (VMS) where specially appointed reports are manufactured, requiring tidy up, at that point stuck in to Excel for additional information tidy up and rotating (Beyster and Economy, 2007). Another managerial application supported by GPMs is the Air Force Surgeon General’s Executive Global Look (SG EGL). SG EGL surveys MTF viability of meeting measures in consumer loyalty, supplier accessibility, arrangement booking, strategy and the command’s generally speaking execution. One advancement every one of the three GPMs concur upon is SG EGL, this regulatory application gives â€Å"Push Report,† which pre-constructs illustrations of the previously mentioned information that they don't need to rotate down. The SG EGL site permits mentioned reports to be sent legitimately to email inbox month to month (Air Force Surgeon General’s Executive Global Look, n. d. ). Reports got have a similar data contained on the site, so the client gets data in a dashboard group that is handily duplicated into PowerPoint for introduction tothe medical clinic initiative. One restrictions of SG EGL noted by the GPM is similar information slack time as M2. Another issue with this application is the site much of the time is broken and if refreshes are executed you will most likely be unable to see information until the Pentagon makes sense of the issue. One of the qualities of the site in any case up or down the â€Å"Push Reports† are constantly sent and contain feasible information. Another instrument for examining information utilized by the GPM is DSS. DSS is situated in Ramstein, Germany and supports USAFESG on information in regards to clinical administrations gave all through USAFE. DSS is a group of informatics masters that produce custom reports, make and oversee electronic applications (USAFE DSS, n. d. ). GPMs discover DSS a most loved spot to demand specially manufactured reports not shrouded in different applications, for example, M2 or SG EGL. Also, the informatics specialists can mined information and perform tidy up, the GPM would ordinarily need to achieve. The report is as yet gotten in exceed expectations format,but information is explicit to the solicitation. The negatives of DSS, if a mentioned report needs extra information fields included, the report must be revamped to incorporate the new fields. Besides, broad bearings must be given to manage the informatics segment on building the report. When the report is worked to determinations the potential for appraisal of information is colossal. The authoritative application examined in this paper address only a couple at present utilized by GPMs. There are extra one of a kind databases at significant orders (MAJCOM), created to survey exceptional information requiring assessment by the order. The advancement of remarkable databases happens due tothe interest for snappy procurement of information â€Å"in constant. Lamentably, advancement at the DoD level takes a long time for usage and the client need current information, not information forty to sixty days obsolete. GPMs at this office significantly want one regulatory application to acquire tables, diagrams and reports, yet such an application is a very long time really taking shape. References Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) Knowledge Exchange (Kx). (n. d). Gathering practice manager’s position portrayal. Recovered from https://kx. afms. mil/kxweb/home. doAFAF (Air Force Surgeon General’s Executive Global Look n. d. SG EGL)Air Force Surgeon General’s Executive Global Look. (n. d. . SG EGL. Recovered from https://egl. afms. mil/(Beyster R J Economy P 2007 SAIC Solution: How We Built a $8 Billion Employee-Owned Technology Comapny)Beyster, R. J. , and Economy, P. (2007). The SAIC arrangement: How we assembled a $8 billion worker claimed innovation organization. John Wiley and Sons, 88. (Official Information Decision Support n. d. EIDS)Executive Information Decision Support. (n. d. ). EIDS. Recovered from http://www. ha. osd. mil/peo/59810_Axiom_Bro_EIDS. pdf United States Armed Forces Europe (USAFE) Decision Support System (DSS). (n. d. ). Recovered from https://sg2. usafe. af. mil/DSS/

Local Government Amalgamation and Financial Sustainability

Question: Examine about the Local Government Amalgamation and Financial Sustainability? Answer: The jobs of shoppers, retailers, producers and the administration organizations in the norms and characteristics of food in the United Kingdom are massive (Fagotto 2014). Customers assume an essential job in such manner (Lovelock et al. 2014). They have the rights to anticipate that the food, which they are purchasing or expending, is sheltered to be devoured and is of acceptable quality as well (Lovelock et al. 2014). Buyers can opine about the systems followed for food control, the gauges and the exercises, which are utilized, by the administration and the businesses for finding out that the food, which is offered, has these highlights (Osborn 2013). Regardless of whether the clients, government and the others assume a critical job to guarantee the security and nature of the food, at last even with rivalry, the ability to put resources into the physical and the administrative assets that are required for usage of appropriate controls lies exclusively with the food business (Osborn 2013). It is perceived by the private firms that the shoppers assume a significant job in deciding their prosperity concerning gainfulness (Grant 2015). On the off chance that the purchasers purchase a similar item consistently, it is demonstrated that the item fulfills them (Grant 2015). The food makers and advertisers, in this manner, have a commitment to their item characters which they need to protect. In this way, setting up and regulating the controls is significant for them to ensure that the item satisfies the desires for the customers on security and quality (Oliver 2014). The administration organizations to have a significant task to carry out since they are liable for: Building up the norms of security consistently with the goal that equivalent measure of assurance is accomplished by all the clients, Applying comparative wellbeing levels with the goal that all the food producers are dealt with impartially and Advising the clients with respect to the gauges that are followed in regards to the insurance (Oliver 2014). Retailers assume a significant job too by: Proffering created medical advantages over an assorted item and an area along these lines advancing nonstop shopping as a result of closeness to lodging and networks. Impacting arranging contemplations by depicting the advantages of agglomerated chain of stores Advancement of culture and relaxation Building up the earth by advancement of neighborhood flexibly chains Most of the retailers utilize the nearby wholesalers, and numerous shoppers go to the area every now and again, lessening the need to visit the shops by utilizing private vehicle (Ozuduru et al. 2014). The makers have a crucial influence in the gauges and the characteristics of the food. It is on the grounds that the purchasers will be influenced if the quality and gauges of the food are not up to the norms and recommended characteristics. The buyers now and again to check its dietary or restorative worth screen the fixings, which are placed into the produce. There are sanitation prerequisites too since it are critical that the earth where the food is made is perfect and the food, which is delivered, is sheltered (Troller 2012). Purchasers, retailers, makers and the administration organizations are identified with one another intently with regards to measures and characteristics of food in United Kingdom (Buzby et al. 2014). It works like a cycle where every single one of the above is connected to one another. The buyers are toward the finish of the cycle since they are the ones devouring the item, which is made after the item passes a few phases and steps (Solomon et al. 2012). The makers (Solomon et al. 2012) remember them while structuring and fabricating the item. There are matters identifying with guidelines and quality, which must be investigated, by the makers or the makers, and it is additionally to be seen that the wellbeing of the buyers in the wake of devouring the item isn't influenced negatively in any capacity (Solomon et al. 2012). The makers come after the shoppers where they need to watch certain rules for delivering the item as recommended by the legislature. It is to be seen that the custo mers are inferring most extreme advantages out of the created food and that they are devouring it regularly, which thusly demonstrates their resemblance for that specific food. The retailers present the food from the producers to the customers. In this manner, they structure an immediate connection in the middle of them in this way satisfying the main role of assembling. They make the purchasing procedure simpler by encouraging the clients by giving alternatives in different structures. The administration offices are connected to this cycle intently as they endorse the guidelines and guidelines, which should be trailed by all the others in the cycle with the exception of the buyers. These principles are given with the goal that the food, which is delivered, is sheltered to be devoured by the buyers. The principle legitimate base in the enactment of food in the United Kingdom RE THE Food Safety Act, 1990 and the General Food Regulations, 2004 (Rouvire and Latouche 2014). In UK, there is no corporate differentiation between the evaluation of hazard and correspondence of hazard from chance administration. The appraisals of dangers are commonly distributed on the Internet if there are no legal arrangements to forbid that. The FSA is the principle overseeing body, which oversees the wellbeing of food in the United Kingdom (Devaney 2013). It relies upon the non-ecclesiastical government division Government Department, which is administered a free Chairperson and a non-official board which oversees the all out vital course of the Agency, and to ensure that it is meeting its legal commitments (Devaney 2013). It is responsible to the British Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly of Wales through the priests of wellbeing. Alongside th e inquiries with respect to the wellbeing of food, the obligations of FSA likewise incorporates watching and taking care of the neighborhood specialists of authorization. It is a body, which is generally in UK, headquartered in London, and its workplaces are available in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales for guaranteeing that its needs are introduced in the nation explicitly, and the workplaces work in various territories of work. On issues of pertinence, FSA works with the nearby specialists. The Meat Hygiene Service, which works inside FSA, is liable for assessing meat in the premises of meat, which are new in regions. FSA works in alongside different things, food added substances and polluting substances, microbiological sanitation, feed, GMOs, novel nourishments, and the added substances of the food. Its tasks likewise incorporate territories like nutritive nourishment for the wellbeing, naming of the food and the measures of the food items. There is another body named Defra, which is managed by the legislature and alongside its different organizations is answerable for the bills and for actualizing and to screen the security of the food on the off chance that it doesn't go under the domain of FSA. Veterinary Medicines Department is an organization, which alongside different duties is subject for evaluating, giving and keeping up the approvals for advertising broadly for therapeutic items utilized for veterinary purposes and watchfulness for deposits of those, ill-conceived things in creatures and its items as well and co-appointment of the work in regards to against microbial obstinacy. There is an administrative body for pesticides, which takes a shot at benefit of Defra, to be specific Chemicals Regulation Directorate. Its exercises other than the wellbeing of food incorporate completing of a program on the pesticides formally of the remainders of the pesticide testing of the food in the United Kingdom about the recom mended guidelines, and the reports are distributed on quarterly. It is the obligation of the body to make the correct move of an application on occasion if the administrative break of the buildup of the degrees of pesticide happens. There are unquestionably different exercises of Defra, for instance, for enacting, actualizing and reviewing, the obligations go under Agricultural/Rural Affairs Departments in the Devolved Administrations in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Defra distributes the evaluation of dangers in the field of creature wellbeing and their government assistance. They additionally co-work with the working gatherings of FSA any place it is required. It is the obligation of Defra to deal with all the components of the water approach in England and it works with the Drinking Water Inspectorate, which is a body that directs the drinking water quality. The conditions are indistinguishable in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The domain of exercises of Delta cov ers alongside the wellbeing of food stretches out to creature wellbeing, the government assistance of the creatures, and the strength of the plant. There are four nations in UK, and their structure of organization is single-level. The units are exclusively liable for all the errands, which are local and privately regulated (Andrews 2013). They manage the laws identifying with the food, feed laws, and do reviews as well, and they are liable to FSA since they report straightforwardly to them. At the point when it directs the neighborhood government authority, the Local Authorities Coordinator of Regulatory Services, it speaks to the specialists, which work locally, and it performs coordination of the exercises of the nearby specialists and among them and among Defra and FSA. Reference List Andrews, R., 2013. Nearby government amalgamation and money related maintainability: the instance of England and Wales. Open Finance and Management, 13(2), p.124. Buzby, J.C., Farah-Wells, H. what's more, Hyman, J., 2014. The assessed sum, worth, and calories of postharvest food misfortunes at the retail and purchaser levels in the United States. USDA-ERS Economic Information Bulletin, (121). Devaney, L., 2013. Spaces of security, observation and sanitation: questioning view of the Food Safety Authority of Ireland's administering sleuth

Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline)

Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline) Depression Treatment Medication Print Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline) Knowing What to Expect and When to Act By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 25, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Zoloft (sertraline) is a type of antidepressant medication commonly used to treat depression and anxiety. It belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which work by preventing the reabsorption of serotonin (the feel good hormone) so that more is available in the system. Zoloft the most prescribed antidepressant and the seventh most prescribed psychiatric drug in the U.S. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Most Common Zoloft Side Effects As with all medications, Zoloft may cause certain unwanted side effects. ??The most commonly experienced in those taking Zoloft include: DiarrheaNauseaIndigestionDecreased appetiteFatigueSleepinessInsomniaTremorsAgitationIncreased sweatingFeeling emotionally numbSexual problems, including loss of libido and inability to ejaculate Gastrointestinal problems can occur in as many as one in four people taking Zoloft.?? Others are far less common but, in some ways, far more distressing. While the loss of libido can affect both men and women, men are especially impacted by physical symptoms of erectile dysfunction (occurring in four percent of men) and ejaculation problems (occurring in eight percent of men). People can often minimize these symptoms by taking Zoloft immediately after sex or adjusting treatment with the advice of their doctor. Uncommon but Serious Side Effects While far less common (occurring in less than two percent of patients), there are some serious side effects associated with Zoloft use. In some cases, Zoloft may trigger or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms.?? Call your doctor if you experience any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms such as panic attacks, hallucinations, agitation, memory loss, impulsiveness, anxiety, or any symptom associated with psychosis, major depression, or bipolar mania. People who take Zoloft also risk having an overdose. On the other hand, you should seek immediate medical assistance if you experience any of the following: Black or bloody stoolsChest painFaintingFast or irregular heartbeatA severe or a persistent headacheFever over 100o FSeizureSuicidal thoughtsStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), a rare but potentially fatal allergic reaction While all of these symptoms should be considered serious, SJS is particularly alarming due to the speed by which it can occur. SJS typically begins with fatigue, fever, and sore throat, followed by the emergence of angry eruptive blisters on the face, trunk, arms, legs, and soles of the feet. If left untreated, SJS can quickly lead to sepsis, organ damage, blindness, shock, and even death.?? Side Effects in Children and Adolescents When prescribed in children or adolescents, Zoloft can cause a slightly different range of symptoms, some of which are less common in adults. Advise your pediatrician if your child experiences any of the following: NosebleedsFrequent urinationUrinary incontinenceHeavy menstrual periodAbnormal or agitated muscle movementsSlowed growthWeight changes A Word From Verywell The type and severity of Zoloft side effects will vary from person to person. For most, the symptoms tend to be minimal and generally improve over time. If you find you are unable to cope with the side effects, call your doctor immediately. There may be strategies your doctor can offer (including dose adjustment or adjunctive therapies) to help you better adjust to the prescribed treatment. The important thing to avoid is stopping or changing treatment without input from your doctor. Not only might you undermine the goals of treatment, you may experience a condition known as antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) which can manifest with symptoms of withdrawal (including muscle aches, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, and abnormal sensations). ADS can occur as early as six weeks after starting therapy.

Privacy Privacy And Privacy - 1509 Words

Privacy advocates warn that many websites try to collect personal information from online users, but few guarantees how that data will be used. They say the federal government should establish standards to protect privacy online. But Internet businesses and others contend that they can safeguard users privacy without resorting to government interference. Law-enforcement agencies, meanwhile, favor government limitations on the use of sophisticated encryption technology, which makes online communications secure - even from the police. They fear that strong encryption software will help criminals in hiding their activities. But privacy advocates argue that encryption technology assures companies and consumers that their online communications are not being tampered with. . In one of the interview by By Biance Bosker, Mark Zuckerberg said â€Å"Facebook isn t violating your privacy -- Google, Yahoo and Microsoft are.† The Internet has become not only a primary means of communicati on, but a place where millions of Americans store important personal data, from credit-card numbers and bank account information to family photos and histories of their online purchases. But that data does not have the same legal protection as data that Americans store in their homes. What s more, powerful new technologies are creating unexpected challenges to privacy online. Advertisers, for example, can now track the Web sites you visit, and actions you take on those sites, to analyze how to moreShow MoreRelatedPrivacy And The Privacy Of Privacy1803 Words   |  8 PagesFirstly, it would be a good idea to explain exactly what privacy is and then discuss the importance of privacy and some of the legal consequences that could arise when violating a patient’s privacy. I’ve always believed that privacy is one of the most important things when it comes to the patient s care. One of the main forms of privacy that I would like to discuss is, Informational privacy which is defined as the privacy of personal information and usually relates to personal data stored on computerRead MorePrivacy And The Privacy Of Privacy1735 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, the word â€Å"privacy† has become ubiquitous. When discussing whether government surveillance and data collection pose a threat to privacy, the most common retort against privacy advocates – by those in favor of databases, video surveillance, spyware, data mining and other modern surveillance measures – is this line: If I’m not doing anything wrong, what would I have to hide? The allowance of the government’s gathering and analysis of our personal information stems from an inadequateRead MorePrivacy And The Privacy Of Privacy1626 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy is the ability to maintain what or who can access and see your personal content and information. With that, the idea of privacy is different amongst different cultures and countries, while they al l differ, they share common characteristics. The act of sharing ones own personal information is decision one must make on their own. Privacy is a right that all people should have and the government has the responsibility of maintaining that right. Data such as personal emails, bank details, medicalRead MorePrivacy Issues : Privacy And Privacy Essay2250 Words   |  9 PagesPrivacy Privacy has been a thing for consideration ever since the early days and has even become more worrisome recently with the evolvement of information technology. 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At the same time, technology has also done the opposite, making it almost impossible for anyone to have secured privacy. Nowadays, there are multiple hacking programs or devices that can help protect private information; however, they can also be used to invade privacy. Modern-day society has records of incidents and events involving the invasion of privacy, including those notRead MorePrivacy Is An American Invasion Of Privacy3113 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Privacy is an especially equivocal idea, in particularly because invasion of privacy is a concept that is arguably questionable. Privacy has been defined as the right to be left alone without unwarranted intrusion by government, media, or other institutions or individuals. While this definition serves as a quick start to the right of privacy, there are still several interpretations as to what may or may not constitute as an invasion of privacy. What one person may believe to be anRead MorePrivacy Rights And The Privacy3319 Words   |  14 Pagescountries and organizations are approaching privacy issues along with my predictions how it will unfold the future There is a concern about many users privacy worldwide. Technology is constantly upgrading and internet is being used daily worldwide. Laws are constantly changing and there are many concerns about this. In this essay, I will be talking about why Companies are collecting data, laws regarding privacy policies and I will give prediction on how privacy issues will unfold in the future. WhatRead MoreThe Invasion Of Privacy And Privacy1399 Words   |  6 PagesCelebrities; They Have A Right To Their Privacy Too   Ã‚  Ã‚   Invasion of privacy occurs way too often in society. How would you feel if you had your personal photos hacked, and then reposted onto the internet, what if they were your nude photos? What about your medical records, would you like to have your records stolen and then announced for the whole world to know? Many groups have their privacies hacked, stolen, abused, or even shared through other means of social media.   Look at one particular group

The Conflict Theory By Karl Marx Essay - 1294 Words

Commonly known as a mixture of the First Nations, Inuit and Mà ©tis, the aboriginal people are the native inhabitants of Canada. The aboriginal culture has lived on for centuries, and has influenced Canada’s language, social structure and overall evolution of the land we live on today. As of the 2011 Canadian Census, over 1.4 million people have identified themselves as an Aboriginal person – roughly 4.5% of Canada’s total population. While that statistic may not be that high, it’s extraordinary how a certain culture could last through the struggle and hardships these people had to go through. As European settlers moved into Canada, the Aboriginal people’s traditions and values were largely stripped away and were deemed a lower status to the perpetrators. The sociological perspective that will be used will be the conflict theory: presented by Karl Marx, the conflict theory is the contrast to the functionalist perspective where it embraces that soci al order is maintained by supremacy and authority instead of obedience and unity. While the Aboriginal people are slowly regaining their rights and ground after two centuries of discrimination and unjust social treatment, there is clear inequality as they are still lacking in many qualities of life including education, health care and unemployment. With over 31 million people in this country as of this year, the large majority of us completely forget about the Indigenous population. As education is such an important part in ourShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx: Conflict Theory Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx: Conflict Theory The most influential socialist thinker from the 19th century is Karl Marx. Karl Marx can be considered a great philosopher, social scientist, historian or revolutionary. 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High School Education in India Free Essays

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA- HIGH SCHOOL In India, high school is a grade of education which includes Standards VII to X. Standards XI to XII called as Higher Secondary School or Senior Secondary School or Junior college. Some states refer to Standards IX and X as High School, while XI and XII are termed as Intermediate. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Education in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other states refer to VI, VII, VIII, IX and X (grades 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) as Secondary school and XI and XII (grades 11 and 12) as Senior Secondary School. Usually, students from ages 14 to 18 study in this section. These schools may be affiliated to national boards like Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or various state boards. There were only 20 universities and 500 colleges in the Indian subcontinent (including Bangladesh and Pakistan) in 1947, the year of Indian independence. Now there are about 376 universities and 17,700 colleges in India only, many with world class physical infrastructure. Many private research institutes are also coming up on a regular basis. The only Nobel prize for India (Indian citizen at the time of the award) in science for C. V. Raman (1930, University of Calcutta) also came in that era. We also had many world class scientists during that time (e. g Satyen Bose, J. C. Bose, Homi Bhaba etc). Now India is the second fastest growing in the world and third largest economy in Asia with huge budget in so-called education and research. But we do not have any world class scientist (who has a slightest chance to get Nobel Prize in science) in India or abroad (as per a survey published in a reputed Bengali magazine, â€Å"Desh†, sometime ago). We see huge uproar when previous government wanted to â€Å"introduce accountability† in some elite institutes like IIM or IITs but we never see a fraction of that excitement among educated middle class people or our political masters to reform primary and secondary education although our primary and secondary education system, the backbone of our country, is in a pathetic shape. Our middle class people, who can not afford to send their kids abroad but dream to have a better, more powerful and comfortable life for their kids do not allow any meaningful reform of primary and secondary education since independence. Our current education system selectively discards talented students with inquisitiveness, ability to ask questions and dream to do something challenging, something better for the society. Now we only produce private tuition and coaching enabled, mugging-up grade technicians who are great to do routine jobs (as in IT or BT) or imitating others (mainly true for Indian Ramp;D sector in any branch of science and in any industry), but not capable of doing original research, despite of having many world class physical infrastructure, huge budget and some so-called â€Å"elite† institutes. My recent experience with many graduate students form some high profile Indian institutes/universities indicate that the trend to emphasize on database type knowledge, quiz type information and fascination with techniques (not science as such) are still highly prevalent. No wonder India is among the least innovative nations in the world. Quality of Indian science education and research is going down at an alarming rate since independence, despite of huge increase in funding (1, 2, 3 and Balaram, P. (2002). Science in India: Signs of Stagnation. Current Science 82, 193-194. ). We need to invest much more and have an intensive and proper supervision of primary and high school education than wrongly focusing on higher education and research at the top level, at this time. Recently passed Right to education bill is a step towards the right direction. But here again we need to remember that many such great policies hardly achieve anything in reality and only limited within government files and the money ends up in the pockets of few selected people. Whatever money we spend on higher education and research is not going to give us any novel knowledge or technological edge unless we have right candidate behind the costly machines we buy. Now we produce mainly technicians, not scientists or technocrats and feel proud to export such raw materials to manpower-starved developed countries ( be it IT or BT, the two main pillars of Indian economy today). This might lead to some degree of prosperity in the short term but we are going to loose in a big way in the long run unless we totally overhaul our basic education system at primary and high school level. It’s useless to cut the roots and then water on the top. S C H E M E S  Ã‚   A N D  Ã‚   P   R O G R A M M E S The development of Secondary Education sector is also guided by the following Centrally Sponsored Schemes: 1. Integrated Education for Disabled Children 2. Improvement of Science Education in Schools 3. Promotion of Yoga in Schools 4. Strengthening Boarding and Hostel Facilities for Girls 5. Environmental orientation to School Education. 6. National Population Education Project. 7. National Awards for Teachers. A brief description of each of these Schemes is given below. Vocationalisation of Secondary Education A Central Institution of Vocational Education named â€Å"Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education (PSSCIVE)† was set up at Bhopal in 1993 under the overall umbrella of NCERT. The Institute acts as an apex level research and development organisation in the field of vocational education and provides directs and academic support to the programmes. Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) Under the scheme, financial assistance is provided for education of disabled children which includes assistance towards books and stationery, uniforms, transport allowance, readers allowance for blind children, escort allowance for severely handicapped children, boarding and lodging charges for disabled children residing in hostels, salary of resource teachers and helpers, setting up and equipping resource rooms, survey and assessment of disabled children, purchase and production of instructional material, training and orientation of resource teachers, funds for making modifications in school buildings and salary of an administrative Cell at the State level to implement and monitor the programme. According to the last survey conducted by the NSSO in 1991, the population of disabled children was estimated at 16. 15 million which is currently estimated to have gone up to 20 million. Under the Persons with Disabilities Act it has become mandatory for the Central/State/local governments to provide basic education to children with disabilities up to 18 years of age. The Act also calls for a series of activities to promote the education of such persons and mainstream them in general school system. Based on the provisions of the Act and experiences in recent years it is proposed to revise the existing IEDC for which a group has been set up. Improvement of Science Education in Schools With a view to identifying a nurturing talent in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry at school level, the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), Internal Physics Olympiad (IPhO) and International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is held every year. India has been participating in these Olympiads since 1989, 1998 and 1999 respectively. Each participating country is required to send a team comprising not more than 6 secondary student contestants to IMO, 5 secondary student contestants at IPhO and 4 contestant students to IChO apart from a leader and deputy team leader. Environmental Orientation to School Education The National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986, provides that the protection environment is a value. The Scheme was initiated in 1988-89. The Scheme envisages assistance to voluntary agencies. The voluntary agencies are assisted for conduct of experimental innovative programmes aimed at promoting integration of education programmes in schools with local environmental conditions. Three Resource Centres namely (i) Uttra Khand Seva Nidhi, Almora (ii) CPR Environmental Education Centre, Chennai and (iii) Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad have been designated as nodal agencies for mobilisation, involvement and provision of financial support to NGOs/voluntary organisation in their respective regions for conducting innovative and experimental programmes in the field of Environmental Orientation to School Education. N A T I O N A   L  Ã‚   P O P U L A T   I O N   Ã‚   E D U C A T I O N  Ã‚   P R O J E C T National Population Education Project (School Education) was launched in April 1980 with a view to institutionalise population education in the school education system. The objectives of the project are: i. Introduction of Adolescence Education (with major components like process of growing up, HIV/AIDS Education, Drug Abuse in Schools and Teachers Education); and ii. Re-orientation, updating and improvement of the elements of Population Education in the light of Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo in 1984. N A T I O N A L  Ã‚   A W A R D S  Ã‚   T O  Ã‚   T E A C H E R S These were instituted in 1958. There are 302 awards out of which 20 awards are reserved exclusively for teachers of Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic teaching in traditional institutions. In order to be eligible the teacher should have put in 15 years of continuous service on the date of consideration of his claim by the State level Selection Committee. How to cite High School Education in India, Papers

Israel and the palestinians Essay Example For Students

Israel and the palestinians Essay Israel and the PalestiniansIsrael is situated at the connection of Africa and Asia. It is 20,000 square kilometres and unlike its neighbour Arab states it lacks natural resources. Lebanon and Syria border it in the north, Jordan in the east and Egypt to the south. Israel has also been holding Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank of the River Jordan since 1967. It has an extremely varied geography and climate. Most of the coastline lies on the Mediterranean Sea. In the south are the valleys of Jezreel and Hulveh. There is the lake Tiberias and in the east the hills of Samaria ad Judea on the west bank. There is also the Negev desert to the south, which makes up sixty percent of the total land area. Coastal inhabitants face a hot but temperate climate with more rain relative to the north. Inland temperatures are cooler with seldom snow. Tel Aviv is the largest city and the centre of industry. Jerusalem has been declared the capital but has not been recognised as such by the international community. Major towns in the West Bank include Nablus, Hebron, Bethlehem, Ramallah and Jericho. Agriculture and industry employ millions of Israelis. Today Israel is a leading fruit exporter. The industry is mainly based on military. Service industries account for more than half the employment in Israel. Tourism is another source of income. Politically Israel is a multiparty democracy. A President elected by parliament for a five-year term, a government under a Prime Minister and a 120-member Parliament (Knesset). The people of Israel are extremely diverse. Jews in Israel consist of East European Jews, Moroccans, and Ethiopian Jews. More Jews and Palestinians live outside their common land than in it. Judaism is essentially the religion of ethical monotheism, which means that one God made the world and created the human beings to help complete his plan. In the Bible it is stated that Abraham found Judaism. The land promised to the Jewish was then called Canaan. They were probably a Semitic people made up of nomadic tribes and speaking a language called Hebrew. Under Moses the Jews founded the Judaean State. Later because it was a small force Israel was invaded by the super powers of the day Egypt, Assyrian, the Hittites, Greece and finally Rome. In 636 Jerusalem fell to the Arabs. Fallowing in 1557 Ottomans invaded the city. Until the Ottoman collapse in 1918 it remained under Ottoman rule. Afterwards in 1917 when the British forces took Jerusalem and a period of bargaining between the British and the French for their regional strategic interests in the Middle East had begun. In 1922 France declared a mandate over Syria, and in short Britain and France together controlled all of what is today Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria and Iraq, leaving south Arabia as a nominally independent Arab territory. Palestinian Arabs were encouraged by Transjordanss independence from Britain 1928 and Iraqs in 1932. Meanwhile Britain had already ended its Egyptian protectorate in 1922; in 1936 she limited her presence there to a Suez Canal garrison. In Palestine Britain was now caught between Jewish and Arab demands, and found it increasingly difficult to satisfy both sides. Reacting to the phenomenal Nazi oppression of Jews, fully 225,000 Jews had left Germany and East and Central Europe for Palestine between 1933 and 1939. In February 1947 after various partition plans had failed in the face of Arab command on a unitary state, Britain referred the Palestine question to the newly formed United Nations. A Special Committee (UNSCOP) drew up a new partition plan: it called for ( i) a Jewish state in three linking segments, eastern Galilee in the north, the coastal plane from Haifa to Rehovot in the south, and the Negev desert; (ii) an Arab state, made up of western Galilee, central Palestine, a southern littoral bordering Egypt, and the port of Jaffa; (iii) an international zone in Jerusalem and Bethlehem; and (iv) economic union between all regions.* On Jan. 12, 1948 the Jewish Agency and Jewish National Council announced plans for a limited government. Meanwhile violence was causing many Jewish peoples death. On May 14, 1948 the state of Israel was established in Tel Aviv. It also committed the new state to the United Nations Charter. At least one percent of the Jewish populations lost their lives in the war. The war not only formed the Jewish State; it also changed the demography of the region. For the first time in the 1900 years the Jewish formed a majority in their own state. On January 23, 1950 the Israeli parliament declared West Jerusalem as the ca pital on April 24 the Jordanian parliament incorporated the West Bank and East Jerusalem. On May 25, 1950 Britain, France and the USA jointly stated their opposition to the violation of 1949 armistice lines, and committed themselves to preventing an arms race in the region. All the bordering Arab States remained in a state of war with Israel. Meanwhile the Canal Zone had become a source of conflict between Egypt and the Suez Canal Company runs by Britain and France. Israel attacked Egyptian positions in Gaza and the Sinai on Oct 29; Britain and France then issued ultimatoms to both sides to withdraw from the Canal. The three main consequences of the brief Suez war were: i) diminution of Britains role in the region; ii) increasing ties between the Soviet Union and the radical Arab States of Egypt, Syria and Iraq; and iii) a growing US role in the region, backing Israel and conservative Arab states, partly to counter the Soviet Unions influence.* From the Israeli Palestinian perspecti ve, the war changed little. Israel demonstrated its military ability, but its forced withdrawal from the Sinai showed up its diplomatic weakness and left her with insecure borders. Furthermore Syria still bombarded settlements from the Golan Heights. Palestinians realised that Egyptian supports alone could not help win back-lost lands. The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organisation- set up in 1964, calling for the liberation of all Palestine by armed struggle *) placed its forces under the commands of Egypt Syria and Iraq, and Nasser closed the Gulf of Aqaha to Israeli shipping. Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban told the UN it would break isolation by force if necessary. Egypt and Jordan signed a joint defence pact and warned other nations against supporting Israel. Iraqi forces moved through Jordan towards Israel. Early on the morning of June 5, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike on Egyptian airfields; Jordanian moved against Israel. Thus began the Six-Day War. Israel had i) capture d the Gaza Strip and the entire Sinai peninsula up to the Suez Canal; ii) gained control of East Jerusalem iii) captured the Golan Heights in the north from Syria.* Israeli forces now occupied more than three times as much territory as they did post 1948. The Arab world, however, shocked by the extent of their defeat, resolved not to negotiate with Israel. On November, 22 the UN Secretary Council unanimously adopted Resolution 242 proposed by Britain demanding: i) Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories; ii) mutual respect for the sovereignty of all states in the area with secure boundaries; iii) freedom of navigation in international waterways; iv) a just settlement of the refugee problem and v) demilitarized zones.* Both Israel and the frontline Arab states (except Syria) accepted the resolution, though disagreed over the definition of Israeli withdrawal. The PLO rejected the Resolution, as it made no mention of Palestinian national rights. Meanwhile a War of Attrition* begun with Israel around the Suez Canal and costing 177 Israeli lives and 681 Fedayeen casualties in 1968. By summer 1971 all Fedayeen were expelled from the kingdom and fled to Syria and Lebanon after the eleven day Black September conflict. In revenge Fedayeen killed the Jordanian premier, Wasfi al-Tal. By September 1975 Israel had withdrawn a further 40 kilometres in the Sinai creating a UN demilitarized buffer zone. Both sides promised to not use force and non-military cargoes en route to Israel could again travel the canal. In return the USA promised to help Israel militarily and economically, to discuss with her over a Geneva peace conference and general Middle East settlement and finally not to deal with a PLO under its present orientation. The two years that followed the war saw new and apparently contradictory trends emerge: i) the willingness of Arab states to negotiate disengagements agreements with Israel ii) Arab use of the oil weapon to punish pro-Israeli Western States iii ) increased Palestinian terrorism.* Arab states restricted the flow of oil to most western nations, thus forcing the price to quadruple and sparking of a worldwide economy crisis. This proved a stronger bargaining counter at this stage for Palestinian rights. On Oct 22, 1973 the UN Security Council passed the first cease-fire end resulting, in the creation of a new UNEF to be deployed on the Suez Front in November. The formal signing of a cease-fire at kilometre 101 between Israel and Egypt was the first complete agreement since the armistice of 1949. US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had begun intense shuttle diplomacy to achieve peace. In May Israel withdrew from land she had captured from Syria in the war and returned to the town of Quneitra, while holding on the strategic Golan Heights. On April 12 that year municipal elections were held in the West Bank in accordance with Jordanian law. The result was a victory for National Bloc, largely composed of pro-PLO and New Communis ts. They now controlled Nablus, Hebron and Ramallah, but lost to pro-Jordanian candidates in Jericho and Bethlehem. The question of Jewish settlements was a major issue in the election. In 1975 secret buying West Bank land by the Israel Lands Authority had prompted unrest. Strikes broke out and the suppression by the military administration resulted 17,000 Palestinians to leave the West Bank. Yitzhak Rabin took power in April 1974 from Golda Meir; he faced a divided labour party, plus downturn economy, which led to high inflation because of oil ambargo and high cost of rearming. Later in April 1977, Rabin resigned because of financial scandals and replaced by Peres. Effects of inflation and impatience over perceived international hostility to the Jewish State, made for a new right-wing tendency just before the general election in may 1977. Over the years Israels political orientation had changed, from being a nominally non-aligned socialist state to a firm ally of the west, particul arly of the USA. School Uniform - Keep it or ditch it? EssayOn August 28, 1983, Menachem Begin had announced his plan to resign as Israel Prime Minister; he was succeeded by former Foreign Minister, Itzhak Shamir on October 10. On March 22, the opposition carried a bill calling for new elections. The following issues divided Israel: i) Lebanon with the left criticising Likud for putting military conscripts in a compromising position, and for allowing excessive civilian causalities; and with the right critical of the failure to remove the PLO presence; the 400 percent rate of inflation partly fuelled by the Lebanese campaign; West Bank settlements and the treatment of Palestinians; the growing gulf between secular Zionists and Orthodox Jews; and Israels loss of allies. In the elections voters deserted the two major groupings for the smaller parties and the result was inconclusive. After much bargaining, the Allignments and Likud agreed on a national coalition government. The coalition government pursued the Camp David autonomy talks, and sought direct negotiations with Jordan. Relations with Egypt had deteriorated after the recall of Egyptian ambassador. Israel received military aid from the USA, and also increased contacts with France, the UK, West Germany and China. Peres ma intained his efforts for diplomatic advance and met king Hassan of Morocco. He tried to show PLO as the greatest obstacle to peace. At the same time, the Israels economy was at last improving, but political and financial scandals continued. Also the terror in the streets increasingly continued. The February 11, 1985 agreement between Arafat and Hussein proposed a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation at peace talks. The most important improvement in the further years was Palestine National Councils (PNC) rejecting terrorism in all its forms including institutionalised terrorism and repeating the earlier commitments restricting the violence to Israel and the occupied territories. Immediately all Arab states except Syria plus countries from the Non-aligned Movement and China. The USSR recognised the proclamation but not the state itself. Israel denounced the declaration and began campaigning against it. The USA said the PLO statements were an advance but still too vague *. Within Isr ael a lobby for talks with PLO was getting strength. After forty-one years of the state of Israel, the chances for a resolution to the Palestinian problem have never appeared so distant or so close. Interpretation of the BookThis book is written in 1988, and the book includes the historical development of the Israel State and the Palestinian conflicts until the year 1987. It is a highly descriptive book, involving information but lacking of personal views of the writers. Meanwhile, the description of the conflict with detailed examples of events, helps the reader to understand the issue more clearly and easily. In my opinion this conflict between the two states affects the neighbouring countries in the region as well as the other states that have strategic interests in the Middle East. Therefore it is not a two-player game, instead it is a multi player game, and with each player having own goals and own rules. Also in the Middle East, religion becomes an obstacle in the solution of the conflicts. The observation of the conflict by taking the religion in to consideration is not well mentioned in the book. As it is well seen in this book too, like in almost all the countries of the Middle East, these two countries have strong impact of military on their policies, and also their foreign affairs are too much dependent to their internal political structures.

My Life Changed free essay sample

My life Changed My father is a lawyer, so he is always active. But everything changed two years ago. My mother noticed some bruises in my father, she told him to go to the doctor but he didnt want to go. After that he started to loose energy, he was always tired. My mom told him to go to the doctor again, this time he agreed. They went to the doctor, and when they arrived home their faces were pale and yellow. I asked my mom what the doctor said and she answered me, Your father is sick, very sick. His kidney is no longer working. I started crying, I felt bad, I didnt know what to do or what to say. One month later my father was bad, so the doctors decided to operate him. The doctor puts a line in his kidney to remove the bad stuff. We will write a custom essay sample on My Life Changed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We were sad as family, I was confused; I thought my dad was going to died. The doctor talked to us about a kidney transplant, my mom agrees and she signed up for the kidney. We waited for the kidney to arrive for six months, the longest six months in my whole life. After that period of time a doctor from Guadalajara calls us, he told us that the kidney of my father was ready, that we had four hours to arrive to the hospital in Guadalajara. We lived eight hours from Guadalajara, so my mom said that they were going in airplane. They arrived on time, but the doctor told them that the family of the person who was going to give him the kidney decided not to donate it. My mom was mad and I was too. But three hours later they called her again, this time was real. My mom and my dad waited the whole night in the hospital for the doctor to call them for the surgery. Finally the doctor called my dad. The surgery lasted five hours. My dad was transplanted, everything ended there. I was happy, finally my dad was fine. This changed my world, now Im totally different. Now I respect more my father and my mother. I try to do my best at school so my father can feel proud of me. I appreciate more life and love everything I do.

History - Civil Rights essays

History - Civil Rights essays If someone asked me what the most important event that happened in the 20th century and had the most affect on the United States of America, my answer would be the civil rights movement. The civil rights movement has changed modern America, it has enabled it to produce star athletes and top movie starts like Maurice Green, Will Smith. The civil rights movement is the revolution started by Afro-Americans in the 1950s and lasted until the late 1960s. It was a movement that rallied for equal rights to all citizens of America, no segregation in school, no segregation in restaurants. It eventually succeeded. The first person, which influenced and effectively started the civil rights movement was Rosa Parks, on the 1st of December 1955 she was arrested by the police in Montgomery for not giving up her seat to a white passenger. This was against the segregation laws. Later, E.D Nixon, a member of NAACP visited Parks and decided to plan a one day boycott of all buses. The boycott was a huge success and they continued to go on with it until the segregation of buses stopped. This went on for several months and steadily gained support from Americans citizens. In May 1956, the boycotters filed a suit in federal court. The suits charged that Montgomerys system of segregated buses were illegal. They demanded full equality on the buses, the court unanimously voted in favor of abolishing Montgomerys bus segregation law. The boycott had lasted 381 days and officially ended on December 21st 1956. This action started the civil rights movement because it gave the Afro-Americans belief that there was hope for fighting the justice system and the chance to win equality. It also proved that peaceful means of getting their objectives were better then running riot and hurting other people. This case also allowed Martin Luther King Junior to come to prominence because he was just the local church minister in Montgomery but after his su...

Organizational Development in HRD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Development in HRD - Assignment Example Kindred is assigned the task by the president though she felt inadequate after meeting the gas company’s management and understanding their issues. However, despite her excuse to Larry not to be assigned the task, Larry fails to listen and she has no alternative than to do the work. Though challenging, she manages to provide successful long-term intervention to the client as intended through thorough preparation as well as with help from consulting ‘shadow’ friends after which she resigns from Larry’s organization. i. Kindred faces strategic dilemmas in the course of her placement with Larry are consulting organization. The interaction between Kindred and Larry when she feels insufficient to tackle the assignment leaves her in a position of either doing the assignment or quitting the job. The dilemma of coercion is depicted by the fact that Larry is not ready to have Kindred decide by herself on undertaking the assignment and she is left with no option but to do the assignment and fail or otherwise succeed. Technical ineptness dilemma occurs in this excerpt by having kindred, an OD practitioner present long-range intervention solution for a problem she has no skills in. This in fact forces her to invest higher in research as well as hire the expertise of a shadow practitioner in the intervention. Moreover, she faced the dilemma of value and goal conflict in that though the client (the gas company) thought that CQI was the ultimate effective tool to be employed for finding the long-range soluti on to the cost problems the company faced, Kindred was not conversant with the tool. It therefore emerged that Larry had ‘sold’ her out to the client as an expert in the use of the tool. Besides, Kindred actually ponders over a number of issues in regard to her suitability for the client and she actually quotes her dilemmas as being the dilemma of self, the dilemma of confidence as well as

Crtical analysis in economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crtical analysis in economics - Assignment Example The author puts benefit to the fact that taxing junk food would indeed reduce the rates of obesity, but he questions the duration it will take to see the positive effects. The author then comes up with a number of flaws that in his view would need to be put to consideration before implementing such policies. According to the article taxing junk food raises questions like what exactly needs to be taxed, and how long it would take to see any results. It also raises the possibility of increasing the number of obesity cases, as opposed to reducing them. The author then argues that there is the need to confirm if there is a relationship between obesity and the junk food or else the policy may fail. According to the author, obesity can be linked to lack of exercise such that if people spend more time looking for healthy foods then there will be no time for exercise hence leading to increase in obesity cases.1 The article also touches on accessibility of fresh foods especially by the poor citizens. It also talks about the fact that citizens may not be affected by the prices and will continue to buy junk food all the same. The reasoning behind taxation on junk food focuses on the assumption that it will deter people from buying it and if they do then it will offset the economic costs of managing diseases caused by these unhealthy foods. The main conditions in this case are obesity which relates to high blood pressure and other coronary diseases. The Economist agrees that indeed a tax on calories would reduce cases of obesity. However, the effect would be realized over long periods of time say 20-30 years. He gets support from Brownell, Farley et al. who confirmed that tax on sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce their consumption by around 25% and would in return reduce the cost of healthcare for obesity and overweight diseases. The Economist then goes further to analyze whether there is any relationship between intake of junk food and obesity by asking

Effects of Three Body Transformed Hamiltonian

Effects of Three Body Transformed Hamiltonian CHAPTER – 6 CONTRIBUTION OF THREE BODY TRANSFORMED HAMILTONIAN () THROUGH FULL CONNECTED TRIPLE EXCITATION COUPLED CLUSTER OPERATORS TO VALENCE IONIZATION POTENTIALS OF F2 AND Cl2 COMPUTED VIA EIP-VUMRCCSDÏ„ SCHEME 6.1 Introduction In this work, the effects of three body transformed Hamiltonian through full connected triples is studied on F2 and Cl2. To see the role of [1] in terms of magnitude, two kinds of computations named scheme–A and scheme–B are done. Scheme – A includes along with the other usual diagrams for EIP-MRCCSDà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´ matrix [1-4]. In scheme–B, the term is totally absent. In this calculations, two chemically interesting and challenging molecules F2, and Cl2 ( because Fluorine atom is most electronegative, and Cl2 contains as many as 34 electrons ) are considered . The basis sets cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ (spherical Gaussians) [5] and experimental equilibrium geometry are used in these computations. The basis sets were collected from : http://www.emsl.pnl.gov:2080/forms/basisform.html. Table 6.1 and 6.2 contain all results. 6.2. Results and Discussion Both the molecules are linear and centro-symmetric and hence their point group is D∞h out of which we consider only the largest abelian sub-group D2h. All outer-valence main vertical IPs are presented in Table 6.1. Since independent particle model is valid here, some Koopmans’ configurations appear while going from one basis to another. Naturally, there is same one-to-one correspondence between scheme-A and scheme-B also. For single bonded molecule F2, the contribution of is small. For 2ÃŽ  u state , the differences in the case of cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ are 0.026 eV(.600 kcal/mol) and 0.029 eV(0.669 kcal/mol) respectively. For 2ÃŽ  u state of Cl2, the difference (cc-pVDZ) 0.040 eV(0.922 kcal/mol) is significant in view of that we are considering here the correlation dynamics of outer valence electrons. Experimental IPs are presented in the Tables with a view to realizing the reliability of our theoretical results only. Too accurate comparison is not possible here because of the restraint of our starting basis sets. For that, approaching towards basis set saturation as much as possible is necessary. Since scheme-A (as it includes ) gives more accurate IP. From now on or unless otherwise explicitly mentioned, it will be assumed that a theoretical IP value relates to scheme-A only. In the inner valence region, the sizes of the basis sets sometimes influence the IP-profile of the same molecule in higher energy regions considerably. The single bonded F2 molecule is studied first, the IPs of which are presented in Table 6.2. The first 2ÃŽ £g+ satellite of F2 shows that maximum contribution of is by an amount 1.117 eV(25.758 kcal/mol) for cc-pVDZ basis and 0.910 eV(20.985 kcal/mol) for cc-pVTZ basis. The difference (cc-pVTZ) 1.117 eV(25.758 kcal/mol) for 2ÃŽ £g+ is significant. In 2ÃŽ  u state, the maximum contributions are 0.773 eV(17.826 kcal/mol) for cc-pVDZ basis and 0.911 eV(21.001 kcal/mol) for cc-pVTZ basis respectively. In 2ÃŽ £u+ state, the contributions are 0.256 eV(5.903 kcal/mol) for cc-pVDZ basis and 0.267 eV(6.157 kcal/mol) for cc-pVTZ basis. Other satellites do not have the basis-to-basis correspondence. However, scheme-A to scheme-B correspondence is retained, which is based on the dominant configurations with expansion co-efficient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¾ 0 .3 or more. The next test case is Cl2 molecule, the IPs of which are presented in Table 6.2. The first 2ÃŽ £g+ satellite of Cl2 shows that maximum contribution of is by an amount 0.223 eV(5.142 kcal/mol) for cc-pVDZ basis and 1.305 eV(30.094 kcal/mol) for cc-pVTZ basis, respectively. In 2ÃŽ  u state, the contribution is 0.167 eV(3.851 kcal/mol) for cc-pVDZ basis. In 2ÃŽ £u+ state, the maximum contribution is 1.269 eV(29.263 kcal/mol) for cc-pVDZ basis, no such value for cc-pVTZ basis is found. The IPs onwards are arranged on the basis of dominant configurations. If dominant configurations differ from basis-to-basis substantially, they are put in different rows in the tables. Thus, some IP values which appear in case of cc-pVDZ may not appear at all in case of cc-pVTZ, and vice versa. Similarly, an IP for a basis appearing in scheme-A may be absent in scheme-B, and vice versa. While in the first case it is due to basis-set effect, in the second case it is due to . If for an IP, scheme-A to scheme-B correspondence is observed, only then it is possible to make a comment on the amount by which the IP has been shifted to what extent in scheme-B relative to Scheme-A. In other words, a quantitative picture of the effect of can be made. For quite a few IPs, the contributions of are significant. The values mentioned in parenthesis are relative intensities along with IPs. Molecule States Configurations Basis :cc-pVDZ Basis: cc-pVTZ Expt Scheme-A Scheme-B à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’Ãâ€"â‚ ¬DiffÃâ€"â‚ ¬(eV) Scheme-A Scheme-B Ãâ€"â‚ ¬Diffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’Ãâ€"â‚ ¬ (eV) F2 2ÃŽ  g 1Ï€g -1 15.124 (0.933) 15.136 (0.932) 0.012 15.415 (0.928) 15.429 (0.927) 0.014 15.87a 15.70b 2ÃŽ  u 1Ï€u -1 18.190 (0.873) 18.216 (0.867) 0.026 18.492 (0.874) 18.521 (0.869) 0.029 18.8a 18.4b 2ÃŽ £+g 3ÏÆ'g -1 20.671 (0.956) 20.652 (0.954) 0.019 20.926 (0.948) 20.908 (0.947) 0.018 21.1a Cl2 2ÃŽ  g 2Ï€g -1 11.138 (0.954) 11.136 (0.954) 0.002 11.318 (0.948) 11.315 (0.948) 0.003 11.49b 2ÃŽ  u 2Ï€u -1 14.037 (0.059) 13.997 (0.916) 0.040 14.162 (0.911) 14.160 (0.911) 0.002 14.0b 2ÃŽ £+g 5ÏÆ'g -1 15.687 (0.952) 17.467 (0.018) 17.446 (0.018) 0.021 15.806 (0.942) 15.792 (0.942) 19.698 (0.008) 0.014 15.8b Table 6.1 : Contribution of the diagrams for three-body transformed Hamiltonian of 3h2p-3h2p block of EIP-MRCCSDÏ„ matrix (Fig.3.3, Chap. 3 ) to vertical ionization potentials ( in eV) of outer valence region (relative intensities have been put in the parentheses ) 1 eV = 23 .06035 kcal/mol aRef.[6] bRef.[7] Table 6.2 : Contribution of the diagrams for three-body transformed Hamiltonian of 3h2p-3h2p block of EIP-MRCCSDÏ„ matrix (Fig.3.3, Chap. 3) to inner valence main and satellite vertical ionization potentials ( in eV) of F2 and Cl2 Mol States Basis : cc-pVDZ Basis : cc-pVTZ Expt. Scheme-A Scheme- B à Ã¢â‚¬   Diff à Ã¢â‚¬   Scheme- A Scheme- B I Diff I F2 2ÃŽ £+g 29.680(0.016) 40.785(0.043) 42.672(0.436) 50.701(0.056) 54.836(0.101) 28.863(0.015) 40.835(0.015) 42.653(0.047) 50.600(0.060) 53.719(0.056) 0.817 0.050 0.019 0.101 1.117 41.916(0.659) 42.800(0.157) 42.889(0.048) 50.482(0.190) 41.961(0.617) 42.910(0.149) 42.385(0.059) 50.367(0.032) 0.045 0.910 0.404 0.115 41.75c 2ÃŽ  u 24.524(0.028) 32.416(0.065) 33.151(0.014) 33.671(0.021) 45.999(0.011) 51.633(0.015) 24.461(0.032) 31.643(0.050) 44.431(0.020) 50.239(0.020) 0.063 0.773 25.014(0.026) 32.936(0.039) 24.940(0.029) 32.025(0.052) 0.074 0.911 2ÃŽ  g 41.063(0.021) 42.117(0.013) 47.846(0.022) 40.314(0.067) 0.251 42.491(0.011) 48.659(0.013) 40.691(0.047) 2ÃŽ £+u 29.110(0.015) 29.203(0.040) 32.669(0.017) 37.491(0.675) 28.857(0.012) 32.413(0.017) 37.480(0.743) 0.253 0.256 0.011 29.690(0.030) 29.762(0.038) 33.195(0.022) 29.432(0.039) 32.928(0.023) 37.289(0.667) 0.330 0.267 37.47c cRef.[8] Table 6.2 continued Mol States Basis : cc-pVDZ Basis : cc-pVTZ Expt. Scheme-A Scheme- B à Ã¢â‚¬   Diff à Ã¢â‚¬   Scheme- A Scheme- B I Diff I Cl2 2ÃŽ £+g 22.222(0.027) 25.085(0.013) 28.214(0.650) 29.962(0.020) 37.302(0.038) 22.137(0.026) 25.041(0.012) 28.202(0.635) 29.739(0.029) 37.237(0.038) 0.085 0.044 0.012 0.223 0.065 22.443(0.034) 26.423(0.019) 26.655(0.073) 27.479(0.164) 29.939(0.032) 34.358(0.021) 22.356(0.033) 26.637(0.019) 26.684(0.059) 27.477(0.152) 31.244(0.048) 35.660(0.004) 35.631(0.048) 0.087 0.214 0.029 0.002 1.305 2ÃŽ  u 23.119(0.083) 22.974(0.059) 31.017(0.017) 22.967(0.059) 27.466(0.002) 29.075(0.002) 29.514(0.003) 30.663(0.002) 31.000(0.018) 31.258(0.009) 0.007 0.017 2ÃŽ  g 25.579(0.029) 25.412(0.023) 0.167 22.607(0.002) 25.606(0.015) 31.139(0.002) 33.351(0.014) 33.470(0.012) 34.804(0.010) 25.534(0.011) 26.019(0.006) 31.076(0.002) 33.308(0.008) 33.404(0.011) 34.099(0.003) 34.804(0.003) 34.844(0.011) 36.413(0.007) 37.059(0.002) 37.728(0.002) 38.080(0.002) 38.619(0.001) 48.004(0.001) 48.067(0.001) 0.072 0.063 0.043 0.066 0.040 2ÃŽ £+u 22.258(0.297) 24.399(0.279) 26.268(0.185) 38.132(0.025) 41.469(0.025) 22.222(0.275) 24.339(0.289) 26.220(0.184) 38.082(0.023) 40.200(0.018) 0.036 0.000 0.048 0.050 1.269 22.404(0.424) 24.413(0.111) 26.214(0.071) 31.646(0.033) 34.124(0.021) 36.911(0.042) 37.325(0.013) 22.376(0.341) 24.413(0.274) 31.587(0.032) 34.076(0.022) 34.454(0.029) 36.803(0.045) 38.207(0.027) 0.028 0.000 0.059 0.048 0.108 6.3 Conclusion The present calculations show that for F2 and Cl2, the above-said effect sometimes is considerably high and may even be more than 21 kcal/mol (F2 : cc-pVTZ) and 29 kcal/mol (Cl2 : cc-pVDZ) which are much presumably due to high electronegativity of F and Cl atoms. This suggests that inclusion of is essential in high accuracy EIP-VUMRCC IP calculations. References [1] K. Adhikari, S. Chattopadhyay, R. K. Nath, B. K. De, D. Sinha, Chem. Phys. Lett.  474 (2009) 199. [2] S. Chattopadhyay, A. Mitra, D. Jana, P. Ghosh and D. Sinha, Chem. Phys. Lett. 361  (2002) 298. [3] S. Chattopadhyay, A. Mitra and D. Sinha, J. Chem. Phys. 125 (2006) 244111. [4] K. Adhikari, S. Chattopadhyaya, B. K. De, A. Sharma, R. K. Nath, D. Sinha, J. Comp.  Chem. 34 (2013) 1291. [5] EMSL Basis Set Library (www.emsl.pnl.gov/forms/basisform.html). [6] G. Bieri, A. Schemelzer, L. Ã…sbrink and M. Jonsson, Chem. Phys. 49 (1980) 213. [7] A. B. cornfored, D. C. Frost, C. A. McDowell, J. L. Ragle, and I. A. Stenhouse, J.  Chem. Phys. 54 (1971) 2651. [8] P. Weightman, T. D. Thomas and D. R. Jennison, J. Chem. Phys. 78 (1983) 1652. 1

Deriving Meaning from William Carlos Williams, The Young Housewife Ess

Deriving Meaning from William Carlos Williams', The Young Housewife Everything depends on perspective. The uniqueness we bring to our reading is essential to the absorption of poems with Imagist elements. An example of this is the poem, "The Young Housewife", by William Carlos Williams. Perhaps it was a streak of laziness on my part, but I had very little imagination to offer this poem. Having had no experience as such, I didn't identify with the young housewife, the fish-man, the ice-man, or even the dramatically fallen leaf. What I initially saw was a jumble of thoughts arranged neatly into three very brief verses. The biographical information about the author provided in the Third Edition of the Heath Anthology of American Literature ¹ describes Williams' writings as reflections on the "...disjunction of modern life in broken lines and flashes of incomplete thought." Exactly. Only, I was left to wonder how it could be that this was meant by the biographer to be complimentary. Seems to me that somewhere along the way I picked up the notion that incomplete thoughts were a bad thing.... Granted, the concept of Imagism is not lost on me. Read after read of this poem led me to believe that it is very true that reality is created in the act of our perceiving it. I could take on any perspective or mindset and find applicable passages that would lend themselves wholeheartedly to whatever arguments of meaning I could come up with. Perhaps I have an imagination after all. Considering the lack of natural meaning that I initially got out of the poem, I ended up doing a systematic dissection of the lines to extract a meaning I could expound upon. Despite the fact that doing this meant go... ...ing. Here we have the husband taking action in his own way to ensure that his leaf remain not only under a watchful eye, but also under the thumb of his silent, yet ultimately draining, power. Little thought is obviously given to whether the leaf itself remains young and vibrant or if it slowly dries up. Williams use of visual writing enables the poem to close with a vivid flourish and a tone of smugness as the narrator finally passes by with a bow and a smile. You sense the crushing of another leaf whom he'd help to fall unwittingly. It's a stretch, yes, but when you read the poem with the sympathy this theory evokes, its meaning is changed and so too is your view. There's suddenly a reason for this poem. 1.) Lauter, Paul (1998). pg. The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY

The Host Chapter 35: Tried

I groaned. My head felt all swirly and disconnected. My stomach rolled nauseatingly. â€Å"Finally,† someone murmured in relief. Ian. Of course. â€Å"Hungry?† I thought about that and then made an involuntary gagging sound. â€Å"Oh. Never mind. Sorry. Again. We had to do it. People got all†¦ paranoid when we took you outside.† â€Å"‘S okay,† I sighed. â€Å"Want some water?† â€Å"No.† I opened my eyes, trying to focus in the darkness. I could see two stars through the cracks overhead. Still night. Or night again, who knew? â€Å"Where am I?† I asked. The shapes of the cracks were unfamiliar. I would swear I'd never stared at this ceiling before. â€Å"Your room,† Ian said. I searched for his face in the darkness but could only make out the black shape that was his head. With my fingers, I examined the surface I lay on; it was a real mattress. There was a pillow under my head. My searching hand touched his, and he caught my fingers before I could withdraw them. â€Å"Whose room is it really?† â€Å"Yours.† â€Å"Ian†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It used to be ours-Kyle's and mine. Kyle's being†¦ held in the hospital wing until things can be decided. I can move in with Wes.† â€Å"I'm not taking your room. And what do you mean, until things can be decided?† â€Å"I told you there would be a tribunal.† â€Å"When?† â€Å"Why do you want to know?† â€Å"Because if you're going through with that, then I have to be there. To explain.† â€Å"To lie.† â€Å"When?† I asked again. â€Å"First light. I won't take you.† â€Å"Then I'll take myself. I know I'll be able to walk as soon as my head stops spinning.† â€Å"You would, wouldn't you?† â€Å"Yes. It's not fair if you don't let me speak.† Ian sighed. He dropped my hand and straightened slowly to his feet. I could hear his joints pop as he stood. How long had he been sitting in the dark, waiting for me to wake? â€Å"I'll be back soon. You might not be hungry, but I'm starving.† â€Å"You had a long night.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"If it gets light, I won't sit here waiting for you.† He chuckled without humor. â€Å"I'm sure that's true. So I'll be back before that, and I will help you get where you're going.† He leaned one of the doors away from the entrance to his cave, stepped around it, and then let it fall back into place. I frowned. That might be hard to do on one leg. I hoped Ian truly was coming back. While I waited for him, I stared up at the two stars I could see and let my head slowly become stationary. I really didn't like human drugs. Ugh. My body hurt, but the lurching in my head was worse. Time passed slowly, but I didn't fall asleep. I'd been sleeping most of the last twenty-four hours. I probably was hungry, too. I would have to wait for my stomach to calm before I was sure. Ian came back before the light, just as he'd promised. â€Å"Feeling any better?† he asked as he stepped around the door. â€Å"I think so. I haven't moved my head yet.† â€Å"Do you think it's you reacting to the morphine, or Melanie's body?† â€Å"It's Mel. She reacts badly to most painkillers. She found that out when she broke her wrist ten years ago.† He thought about that for a moment. â€Å"It's†¦ odd. Dealing with two people at once.† â€Å"Odd,† I agreed. â€Å"Are you hungry yet?† I smiled. â€Å"I thought I smelled bread. Yes, I think my stomach is past the worst.† â€Å"I was hoping you'd say that.† His shadow sprawled out beside me. He felt for my hand, then pulled my fingers open and placed a familiar round shape in it. â€Å"Help me up?† I asked. He put his arm carefully around my shoulders and folded me up in one stiff piece, minimizing the ache in my side. I could feel something foreign on the skin there, tight and rigid. â€Å"Thanks,† I said, a little breathless. My head spun slowly. I touched my side with my free hand. Something adhered to my skin, under my shirt. â€Å"Are my ribs broken, then?† â€Å"Doc's not sure. He's doing as much as he can.† â€Å"He tries so hard.† â€Å"He does.† â€Å"I feel bad†¦ that I used to not like him,† I admitted. Ian laughed. â€Å"Of course you didn't. I'm amazed you can like any of us.† â€Å"You've got that turned around,† I mumbled, and dug my teeth into the hard roll. I chewed mechanically and then swallowed, setting the bread down as I waited to see how it hit my stomach. â€Å"Not very appetizing, I know,† Ian said. I shrugged. â€Å"Just testing-to see if the nausea's really passed.† â€Å"Maybe something more appealing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I looked at him, curious, but I couldn't see his face. I listened to a sharp crackle and a ripping sound†¦ and then I could smell, and I understood. â€Å"Cheetos!† I cried. â€Å"Really? For me?† Something touched my lip, and I crunched into the delicacy he offered. â€Å"I've been dreaming about this.† I sighed as I chewed. That made him laugh. He put the bag in my hands. I downed the contents of the small bag quickly, and then finished my roll, seasoned by the cheese flavor still in my mouth. He handed me a bottle of water before I could ask. â€Å"Thank you. For more than the Cheetos, you know. For so much.† â€Å"You're more than welcome, Wanda.† I stared into his dark blue eyes, trying to decipher everything he was saying with that sentence-there seemed to be something more than just courtesy in the words. And then I realized that I could see the color of Ian's eyes; I glanced quickly up at the cracks above. The stars were gone, and the sky was turning pale gray. Dawn was coming. First light. â€Å"Are you sure you have to do this?† Ian asked, his hands already half-extended as if to pick me up. I nodded. â€Å"You don't have to carry me. My leg feels better.† â€Å"We'll see.† He helped me to my feet, leaving his arm around my waist and pulling my arm around his neck. â€Å"Careful, now. How's that?† I hobbled forward a step. It hurt, but I could do it. â€Å"Great. Let's go.† I think Ian likes you too much. Too much? I was surprised to hear from Melanie, and so distinctly. Lately, she only spoke up like this when Jared was around. I'm here, too. Does he even care about that? Of course he does. He believes us more than anyone besides Jamie and Jeb. I don't mean that. What do you mean? But she was gone. It took us a long time. I was surprised by how far we had to go. I'd been thinking we were going to the big plaza or the kitchen-the usual places for congregating. But we went through the eastern field and kept going until we finally reached the big, deep black cave that Jeb had called the game room. I hadn't been here since my first tour. The biting scent of the sulfurous spring greeted me. Unlike most of the caverns here, the game room was much wider than it was tall. I could see that now because the dim blue lights hung from the ceiling rather than resting on the floor. The ceiling was only a few feet over my head, the height of a normal ceiling in a house. But I couldn't even see the walls, they were so distant from the lights. I couldn't see the smelly spring, tucked away in some far corner, but I could hear it dribble and gush. Kyle sat in the brightest spot of light. He had his long arms wrapped around his legs. His face was set in a stiff mask. He didn't look up when Ian helped me limp in. On either side of him were Jared and Doc, on their feet, both with their arms hanging loose and ready at their sides. As though they were†¦ guards. Jeb stood beside Jared, his gun slung over one shoulder. He appeared relaxed, but I knew how quickly that could change. Jamie held his free hand†¦ no, Jeb had his hand around Jamie's wrist, and Jamie didn't seem happy about it. When he saw me come in, though, he smiled and waved. He took a deep breath and looked pointedly at Jeb. Jeb dropped Jamie's wrist. Sharon stood beside Doc, with Aunt Maggie at her other side. Ian pulled me toward the edge of the darkness surrounding the tableau. We weren't alone there. I could see the shapes of many others, but not their faces. It was strange; through the caves, Ian had supported most of my weight with ease. Now, though, he seemed to have tired. His arm around my waist was slack. I lurched and hopped forward as best I could until he picked the spot he wanted. He settled me to the floor, and then sat beside me. â€Å"Ouch,† I heard someone whisper. I turned and could just make out Trudy. She scooted closer to us, Geoffrey and then Heath copying her. â€Å"You look rotten,† she told me. â€Å"How bad are you hurt?† I shrugged. â€Å"I'm fine.† I started to wonder if Ian had let me struggle just to make a show of my injuries-to make me testify against Kyle without words. I frowned at his innocent expression. Wes and Lily arrived then and came to sit with my little group of allies. Brandt entered a few seconds later, and then Heidi, and then Andy and Paige. Aaron was last. â€Å"That's everybody,† he said. â€Å"Lucina's staying with her kids. She doesn't want them here-she said to go on without her.† Aaron sat beside Andy, and there was a short moment of silence. â€Å"Okay, then,† Jeb said in a loud voice meant to be heard by all. â€Å"Here's how it's gonna work. Straight-up majority vote. As usual, I'll make my own decision if I have a problem with the majority, 'cause this -â€Å" â€Å"Is my house,† several voices interjected in chorus. Someone chuckled but stopped quickly. This wasn't funny. A human was on trial for trying to kill an alien. This had to be a horrible day for all of them. â€Å"Who's speaking against Kyle?† Jeb asked. Ian started to stand beside me. â€Å"No!† I whispered, tugging on his elbow. He shrugged me off and rose to his feet. â€Å"This is simple enough,† Ian said. I wanted to jump up and clap my hand over his mouth, but I didn't think I could get to my feet without help. â€Å"My brother was warned. He was not in any doubt about Jeb's ruling on this. Wanda is one of our community-the same rules and protections apply to her as to any of us. Jeb told Kyle point-blank that if he couldn't live with her here, he should move on. Kyle decided to stay. He knew then and he knows now the penalty for murder in this place.† â€Å"It's still alive,† Kyle grunted. â€Å"Which is why I'm not asking for your death,† Ian snapped back. â€Å"But you can't live here anymore. Not if you're a murderer at heart.† Ian stared at his brother for a moment, then sat on the ground beside me again. â€Å"But he could get caught, and we'd have no idea,† Brandt protested, rising to his feet. â€Å"He'll lead them back here, and we'd have no warning.† There was a murmur through the room. Kyle glared at Brandt. â€Å"They'll never get me alive.† â€Å"Then it's a death sentence after all,† someone muttered at the same time that Andy said, â€Å"You can't guarantee that.† â€Å"One at a time,† Jeb warned. â€Å"I've survived on the outside before,† Kyle said angrily. Another voice came from the darkness. â€Å"It's a risk.† I couldn't make out the owners of the voices-they were just hissing whispers. And another. â€Å"What did Kyle do wrong? Nothing.† Jeb took a step toward the voice, glowering. â€Å"My rules.† â€Å"She's not one of us,† someone else protested. Ian started to rise again. â€Å"Hey!† Jared exploded. His voice was so loud that everyone jumped. â€Å"Wanda's not on trial here! Does someone have a concrete complaint against her-against Wanda herself? Then ask for another tribunal. But we all know she hasn't harmed anyone here. In fact, she saved his life.† He stabbed one finger toward Kyle's back. Kyle's shoulders hunched, like he'd felt the jab. â€Å"Just seconds after he tried to throw her into the river, she risked her life to keep him from the same painful death. She had to know that if she let him fall she would be safer here. She saved him anyway. Would any of you have done the same-rescue your enemy? He tried to kill her, and yet will she even speak against him?† I felt all the eyes in the dark room on my face as Jared now held his hand out, palm up, toward me. â€Å"Will you speak against him, Wanda?† I stared at him wide-eyed, stunned that he was speaking for me, that he was speaking to me, that he was using my name. Melanie was in shock, too, torn in half. She was overjoyed at the kindness in his face as he looked at us, the softness in his eyes that had been absent so long. But it was my name he'd said†¦ It was a few seconds before I could find my voice. â€Å"This is all a misunderstanding,† I whispered. â€Å"We both fell when the floor caved in. Nothing else happened.† I hoped the whisper would make it harder to hear the lie in my voice, but as soon as I was done, Ian chuckled. I nudged him with my elbow, but that didn't stop him. Jared actually smiled at me. â€Å"You see. She even tries to lie in his defense.† â€Å"Tries being the operative word,† Ian added. â€Å"Who says it's lying? Who can prove that?† Maggie asked harshly, stepping forward into the empty space beside Kyle. â€Å"Who can prove that it's not the truth that sounds so false on its lips?† â€Å"Mag -† Jeb started. â€Å"Shut up, Jebediah-I'm speaking. There is no reason for us to be here. No human was attacked. The insidious trespasser offers no complaint. This is a waste of all our time.† â€Å"I second that,† Sharon added in a clear, loud voice. Doc shot her a pained look. Trudy jumped to her feet. â€Å"We can't house a murderer-and just wait around for him to be successful!† â€Å"Murder is a subjective term,† Maggie hissed. â€Å"I only consider it murder when something human is killed.† I felt Ian's arm wrap around my shoulder. I didn't realize that I was trembling until his motionless body was against mine. â€Å"Human is a subjective term as well, Magnolia,† Jared said, glowering at her. â€Å"I thought the definition embraced some compassion, some little bit of mercy.† â€Å"Let's vote,† Sharon said before her mother could answer him. â€Å"Raise your hand if you think Kyle should be allowed to stay here, with no penalty for the†¦ misunderstanding.† She shot a glance not at me, but at Ian beside me when she used the word I'd used. Hands began to rise. I watched Jared's face as his features settled into a scowl. I struggled to raise my hand, but Ian tightened his hold around my arms and made an irritated noise through his nose. I held my palm as high as I could get it. In the end, though, my vote wasn't necessary. Jeb counted out loud. â€Å"Ten†¦ fifteen†¦ twenty†¦ twenty-three. Okay, that's a clear majority.† I didn't look around to see who had voted how. It was enough that in my little corner all arms were crossed tightly over chests and all eyes stared at Jeb with expectant expressions. Jamie walked away from Jeb to come squeeze in between Trudy and me. He put his arm around me, under Ian's. â€Å"Maybe your souls were right about us,† he said, loud enough for most to hear his high, hard voice. â€Å"The majority are no better than -â€Å" â€Å"Hush!† I hissed at him. â€Å"Okay,† Jeb said. Everyone went silent. Jeb looked down at Kyle, then at me, and then at Jared. â€Å"Okay, I'm inclined to go with the majority on this.† â€Å"Jeb -† Jared and Ian said simultaneously. â€Å"My house, my rules,† Jeb reminded them. â€Å"Never forget that. So you listen to me, Kyle. And you'd better listen, too, I think, Magnolia. Anyone who tries to hurt Wanda again will not get a tribunal, they will get a burial.† He slapped the butt of his gun for emphasis. I flinched. Magnolia glared hatefully at her brother. Kyle nodded, as if accepting the terms. Jeb looked around the unevenly spaced audience, locking eyes with each member except the little group beside me. â€Å"Tribunal's over,† Jeb announced. â€Å"Who's up for a game?†

Biography of Christiaan Huygens, Inventor of the Pendulum Clock

Christiaan Huygens (April 14, 1629-July 8, 1695), a Dutch natural scientist, was one of the great figures of the scientific revolution. While his best-known invention is the pendulum clock, Huygens is remembered for a wide range of inventions and discoveries  in the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy, and horology. In addition to creating the influential timekeeping device, Huygens discovered the shape of Saturns rings,  the moon Titan,  the wave theory of light, and the formula for centripetal force.   Full Name: Christiaan HuygensAlso Known As: Christian HuyghensOccupation: Dutch astronomer, physicist, mathematician, horologistDate of Birth: April 14,  1629Place of Birth: The Hague, Dutch RepublicDate of Death: July 8, 1695 (age 66)Place of Death:  The Hague, Dutch RepublicEducation: University of Leiden, University of AngersSpouse: Never marriedChildren: None Key Accomplishments Invented the pendulum clockDiscovered the moon TitanDiscovered the shape of Saturns ringsFormulated the equations for centripetal force, elastic collisions, and diffractionProposed the wave theory of lightInvented the Huygenian eyepiece for telescopes Fun Fact: Huygens  tended to publish long after making  his discoveries. He wanted to make certain his work was correct before submitting it to his peers. Did You Know?  Huygens  believed life might be possible on other planets. In Cosmotheoros, he wrote that the key to  extraterrestrial  life was the presence of water on other planets. The Life of Christiaan Huygens mihaiulia / Getty Images Christiaan Huygens was born on April 14, 1629, in The Hague, Netherlands, to Constantijn Huygens and Suzanna van Baerle. His father was a wealthy diplomat, poet, and musician. Constantijn educated Christiaan at home until he was 16 years old. Christiaans liberal education included math, geography, logic, and languages, as well as music, horse riding, fencing, and dancing. Huygens entered the University of Leiden in 1645 to study law and mathematics. In 1647, he entered Orange College in  Breda, where his father served as a curator. Following the completion of his studies in 1649, Huygens embarked on a career as a diplomat with Henry, Duke of Nassau. However, the political climate changed, removing the influence of Huygens father. In 1654, Huygens returned to The Hague to pursue a scholarly life. Huygens moved to Paris in 1666, where he became a founding member of the French Academy of Sciences. During his time  in Paris, he met German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and published Horologium Oscillatorium. This work included the derivation of the formula for the oscillation of a pendulum, a theory on the mathematics of curves, and the law of centrifugal force. Huygens returned  to The Hague in 1681, where he later  died at the age of 66. Huygens the Horologist Giallo / Pexels In 1656, Huygens invented the pendulum clock  based on Galileos earlier research into pendulums. The clock became the worlds most accurate timepiece and remained so for the next 275 years. Nonetheless, there were problems with the invention. Huygens had invented the pendulum clock to be used as a marine chronometer, but the rocking motion of a ship prevented the pendulum from functioning properly. As a result, the device wasnt popular. While Huygens successfully filed a patent for his invention in The Hague, he wasnt granted rights in France or England. Huygens also invented a balance spring watch, independently of Robert Hooke. Huygens patented a pocket watch in 1675. Huygens the Natural Philosopher shulz / Getty Images Huygens made many contributions to the fields of mathematics and physics (called natural philosophy at the time). He formulated laws to describe the elastic collision between two bodies, wrote a quadratic equation for what would become Newtons second law of motion, wrote the first treatise about probability theory, and derived the formula for centripetal force. However, he is best remembered for his work in optics. He may have been the inventor of the magic lantern, an early type of image projector. He experimented with birefringence (double diffraction), which he explained with a wave theory of light. Huygens wave theory was published in 1690 in Traità © de la lumià ¨re. The wave theory was in opposition to Newtons corpuscular theory of light. Huygens theory was not proven until 1801 when Thomas Young conducted interference experiments. The Nature of Saturns Rings and the Discovery of Titan Johannes Gerhardus Swanepoel / Getty Images In 1654, Huygens turned his attention from mathematics to optics. Working alongside his brother, Huygens devised a better method for grinding and polishing lenses. He described the law of refraction, which he used to calculate the focal distance of the lenses and build improved lenses and telescopes. In 1655, Huygens pointed one of his new telescopes at Saturn. What had once appeared to be vague bulges on the sides of the planet (as seen through inferior telescopes) were revealed to be rings. Huygens could also see that the planet had a large moon, which was named Titan. Other Contributions TheDigitalArtist / Pixabay In addition to Huygens most famous discoveries, he is credited with several other notable contributions: Huygens innovated a 31 equal temperament  musical scale, which is related to Francisco de Salinas meantone scale.In 1680, Huygens designed an internal combustion engine that used gunpowder as its fuel. He never built it.Huygens completed Cosmotheoros shortly before his death. It was published posthumously. In addition to discussing the possibility of life on other planets, he proposed that the key criteria for finding extraterrestrial life would be the existence of water. He also proposed a method for estimating distances between stars. Selected Published Works 1651:  Cyclometriae1656:  De Saturni Luna observatio nova (about the discovery of TItan)1659:Systema saturnium (about the planet Saturn)1659: De vi centrifuga (about centrifugal force, published in 1703)1673: Horologium oscillatorium sive de motu pendularium (design of the pendulum clock)1684: Astroscopia Compendiaria tubi optici molimine liberata (compound telescopes without a tube)1690: Traità © de la lumià ¨re (treatise on light)1691:Lettre touchant le cycle harmonique (about the 31-tone system)1698: Cosmotheoros (about cosmology and life in the universe) Sources Andriesse, C. D. Huygens: The Man Behind the Principle. Sally Miedema (Translator), 1st Edition, Cambridge University Press, September 26, 2005. Basnage, Henri of Beauval. Letter from Mr. Huygens to the Author concerning the Harmonic Cycle. Stichting Huygens-Fokker, October 1691, Rotterdam. Huygens, Christian. Christiani Hugenii ... Astroscopia compendiaria, tubi optici molimine liberata. Astronomical instruments, Leers, 1684. Huygens, Christiaan. Cristiani Hugenii Zulichemii, Const. f. Systema Saturnium : sive, De causis mirandorum Saturni phaenomenà ´n, et comite ejus Planeta Novo. Vlacq, Adriaan (printer), Jacob Hollingworth (former owner), Smithsonian Libraries, Hagae-Comitis, 1659. Huygens, Christiaan (Also Huyghens, Christian). Encyclopedia, November 6, 2019. Huygens, Christiaan. Treatise On Light. Osmania University. Universallibrary, Macmillan And Company Limited, 1912. Mahoney, M.S. (translator). Christian Huygens On Centrifugal Force. De vi centrifuga, in Oeuvres complà ¨tes, Vol. XVI, Princeton University, 2019, Princeton, NJ. The Cosmotheoros of Christiaan Huygens (1698). Adriaan Moetjens in The Hague, Utrecht University, 1698. Yoder, Joella. A Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Christiaan Huygens including a concordance with his Oeuvres Complà ¨tes. History of Science and Medicine Library, BRILL, May 17, 2013. Yoder, Joella. Unrolling Time. Cambridge University Press, July 8, 2004.